428 research outputs found
Hrvatski posvojni pridjev kao antecedent relativnoj zamjenici
Razmatra se moguÄnost hrvatskoga posvojnog pridjeva da bude antecedent relativnoj zamjenici, moguÄnost koja se u slavenskim jezicima sve viÅ”e gubi, odnosno mjesto posvojnoga pridjeva u toj funkciji zauzima genitiv. Potvrdama se pokazuje da ta moguÄnost u pisanome hrvatskome (joÅ”) postoji. Provedena anketa s izvornim govornicima pokazuje ipak da takve konstrukcije kao prihvatljive ovjerava tek manji dio suvremenih govornika. Analiziraju se tipoloÅ”ki neobiÄna svojstva relativnih reÄenica s posvojnim pridjevom kao antecedentom, osobito to da se u njima posvojni pridjev vlada kao padežni oblik imenice, a ne njezin derivat. KljuÄne rijeÄi: posvojni pridjev, antecedent, relativna reÄenica, genitiv, slavenski jeziciThe ability of Croatian possessive adjectives (PA) to control relative pronouns is here taken under consideration. This ability is weakening in Slavic languages (in some of them it has been completely lost), i. e. in such constructions PA is replaced by an adnominal genitive. Attested examples of relative clauses with a PA-antecedent show that, at least in written Croatian, PAs are still able to control relative pronouns. Three-quarters of contemporary Croatian speakers reject constructions where a PA controls a relative pronoun. However, these constructions are found in texts, and only a few speakers do not find them unacceptable. The typologically uncommon characteristics of relative clauses with PA-antecedents are analyzed, especially the fact that PAs controlling relative pronouns behave like inflected forms, and not like derived forms, which they undoubtedly are
Hrvatske koordinativne složenice
Prema opisima u suvremenim hrvatskim gramatikama dalo bi se zakljuÄiti da hrvatski koordinativne složenice ili ne poznaje ili da ih je toliko malo da ne traže opis. U Älanku se podsjeÄa da je u starijim gramatikama o njima bilo rijeÄi, a da svojom suvremenom koliÄinom i razliÄitim ostvarajima (imeniÄke, pridjevske, priložne, sa spojnicima -o- i -0-) gramatiÄki opis itekako zaslužuju. Pokazuje se zbog kojih se svojih odlika takve složenice mogu smatrati rijeÄima, a ne spojevima rijeÄi, sintagmama. Na primjeru jezika Anke Žagar pokazuje se da model koordinativnih složenica kao potencija može unutar poezije poprimiti i jeziÄnostvaralaÄke inaÄice.According to descriptions in modern Croatian grammar books, one might concludethat there are either no copulative compounds in Croatian or that they are so scarce in number that they do not require any description. The paper is a reminder both of their descriptions in older Croatian grammar books and of the need for their grammatical description, owing to their number and a variety of realisations. Some Croatian nominal copulative compounds are e.g. grad-država ācitystateā (Gr. ĻĻĪ»Ī¹Ļ), toÄka-zarez āsemicolonā (lit. full stop-comma), sjeverozapad āNorth-Westā; some adjectival ones are e.g. crno-bijel āblack and whiteā, crvenobijelo- plav āred, white, and blueā, nov-star ānew--oldā; some adverbial ones are e.g. danas-sutra ābefore longā (lit. today-tomorrow), zbrda-zdola āhelter-skelterā, brže-bolje āin a hurryā (lit. faster-better). The paper indicates the characteristics due to which these compounds should be considered words and not phrases ā they do not display the characteristics of appositive phrases, they cannot be subject to the coordination ellipsis and their internal flexion does not disqualify them as words, even though Croatian recognizes internal flexion (in indefinite pronouns with the suffixoid -god, e.g. Å”togod ā G Äegagod). The language of poet Anka Žagar is used to illustrate how a pattern of copulative compounding can also acquire creative linguistic variations, which is another piece of evidence for the claim that a pattern of copulative compounding does exist in Croatian
Tri nehrvatske tvorbe : infiksacija, reduplikacija, fuzija
RjeÄotvorni naÄini hrvatskoga jezika temelje se na ulanÄavanju morfema. U radu se opisuju tri tvorbena naÄina kojih nema u autohtonu, naslijeÄenu hrvatskom leksiku ā jedan koji se takoÄer temelji na morfemskoj raÅ”Älambi (infiksacija), dva kojima su temelji drugaÄiji (reduplikacija i leksiÄka fuzija). Rad želi troje: i) istaknuti pojedine nedosljednosti postojeÄih opisa hrvatske morfologije, ii) opisati pojedinaÄne pozajmljene i domaÄe hrvatske lekseme i konstrukcije u kojima se o tim trima tvorbama može govoriti; iii) predvidjeti mogu li se neautohtoni tvorbeni naÄini i u kojoj mjeri importirati iz stranih jezika, danas ponajprije (jedino) engleskoga.In the paper three word-formation processes are described which are not found in the indigenous Croatian lexicon. First is infixation, which is a kind of concatenative affixation, and the other two are non-concatenative ā reduplication and blending. The paper has three aims: i) to point out some inconsistencies in existing descriptions of Croatian morphology, ii) to analyse several Croatian neologisms that can be viewed as examples of the three processes in question, iii) to predict whether it is possible, and if so, to what extent, for non-indigenous word-formation types to be imported from foreign languages, nowadays mainly (only) English
Croatian Jokes About Bosnians
Vicevi o gluposti druga su najÄeÅ”Äa, najproÅ”irenija i najdugovjeÄnija vrsta viceva, odmah poslije seksualnih. Njima se skupina kazivaÄa omeÄuje i legitimira kao ona koja nije glupa, glupost se ili koja druga nepoželjna osobina priÅ”iva drugoj skupini. Mete viceva o gluposti univerzalno pokazuju jasno utvrdive zemljopisne, druÅ”tvene, kulturne, vjerske i jeziÄne odlike. One su kazivaÄu najbliži tuÄinac ili najudaljeniji naÅ”inac. H. Bergson i S. Freud naslutili su to prije 100 godina, a razradio je u svojim brojnim radovima Ch. Davies. U radu se pokazuje da Bosanci, odnosno upravo BoÅ”njaci, muslimani, ispunjavaju sve te odlike i jednostavno su idealan kandidat za hrvatske viceve o gluposti. Kao i svi vicevi o gluposti tako i hrvatski viÅ”e govore o kazivaÄu negoli o meti.Jokes about stupidity are the most common, most widespread and most long-lasting kind of jokes apart from sexual jokes (Davies 1998). They delineate the otherwise ambiguous boundaries of joke-tellersŹ¼ society and pin the stupidity or some other undesirable human quality on a particular ethnic group (Davies 1990). The geographical, social, cultural, religious and linguistic characteristics of the target groups of such jokes can be clearly established (cf. Davies 1982; 1990; 1998). They are ambiguous, not entirely āstrangeā nor entirely āoursā. This was indicated by H. Bergson and S. Freud 100 years ago, and elaborated in the works of Ch. Davies. In the paper it is shown that Bosnians and especially Bosniaks, i.e. Muslims from Bosnia and Herzegovina, are the ideal candidates for Croatian jokes about stupidity ā they occupy the periphery of the Croatian ethnic territory, speak the same language with some distinctive traits, their religion is different, often they migrate to Croatian cities and have manual or blue-collar jobs
Pristupni afrikatno-okluzivni skupovi u hrvatskome
It is explained why affricate-stop sequences should be included among acceptable Croatian syllable onsets. First, there are a few words with initial affricate-stop cluster (e.g. Cr. Äkomiti ābe silent, hold oneās tongueā), in which the fricative sound often alternates with the corresponding affricate sound (e.g. Cr. žbun ābushā ā džbun). Second, there is the slang metathesis in which affricate-stop clusters become initial onsets (e.g. Cr. piÄka ācuntā ā Äkapi). Third, there is syllabification in chanting, at sport stadiums or in rock songs. If affricate sounds are more sonorous than stops, which is not beyond doubt, the onset affricate-stop cluster would be yet another case of violating the Sonority Sequencing Principle, beside the well-known case of the onset fricative-stop clusters (e.g. E. spoon, street, Cr. spor āslowā, strah āfearā).Donose se razlozi zaÅ”to afrikatno-okluzivne sljedove valja ubrojiti u prihvatljive pristupe hrvatskomu slogu. Prvo, rijeÄi s inicijalnim afrikatno-okluzivnim skupom (npr. Äkomiti āÅ”utjetiā) i smjenjivanje frikativa u takvim skupovima s afrikatom (npr. žbun ā džbun). Drugo, slengovska metateza (npr. piÄka ā Äkapi). TreÄe, slogovanje pri skandiranju (npr. deÄko ā de.Äko). Ako su prema ljestvici zvonkosti afrikate zvonkije od okluziva, to bi uz poznate pristupne skupove frikativa i okluziva bio joÅ” jedan sluÄaj naruÅ”avanja univerzalnoga naÄela poretka po zvonkosti
Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Robots in Complex Dynamic Environments
Most of the future robots will be mobile, and the main challenge is to develop algorithms for their autonomous navigation as well as for human-robot interactions. The Laboratory for Autonomous Systems and Mobile Robotics (LAMOR) at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing of the University of Zagreb is involved in the research of such mobile robotic systems, and currently participates in a number of related international and national research projects. This paper addresses the issue of autonomous navigation of mobile robots in complex dynamic environments, providing state of the art of the domain and major LAMORās contribution to it. At the end, we present an application example of the autonomous navigation technologies in flexible warehouses, which we have been developing within a Horizon 2020 project SafeLog
A Distance-Geometric Method for Recovering Robot Joint Angles From an RGB Image
Autonomous manipulation systems operating in domains where human intervention
is difficult or impossible (e.g., underwater, extraterrestrial or hazardous
environments) require a high degree of robustness to sensing and communication
failures. Crucially, motion planning and control algorithms require a stream of
accurate joint angle data provided by joint encoders, the failure of which may
result in an unrecoverable loss of functionality. In this paper, we present a
novel method for retrieving the joint angles of a robot manipulator using only
a single RGB image of its current configuration, opening up an avenue for
recovering system functionality when conventional proprioceptive sensing is
unavailable. Our approach, based on a distance-geometric representation of the
configuration space, exploits the knowledge of a robot's kinematic model with
the goal of training a shallow neural network that performs a 2D-to-3D
regression of distances associated with detected structural keypoints. It is
shown that the resulting Euclidean distance matrix uniquely corresponds to the
observed configuration, where joint angles can be recovered via
multidimensional scaling and a simple inverse kinematics procedure. We evaluate
the performance of our approach on real RGB images of a Franka Emika Panda
manipulator, showing that the proposed method is efficient and exhibits solid
generalization ability. Furthermore, we show that our method can be easily
combined with a dense refinement technique to obtain superior results.Comment: IFAC 202
Cyclic conjugation in benzo- and benzocyclobutadieno-annelated terrylenes and higher rylenes
The effect of benzo- and benzocyclobutadieno-annelation on cyclic conjugation in terrylene and the higher members of the rylene homologous series is examined. Some peculiar regularities are established, that could not be observed in the case of perylene (the first member of the rylene series)
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